How Alabama's Governments Actually Work, and How Well

Independent research on the structure, performance, and accountability of state and local government, from the constitution down to the county courthouse.

Why it matters:

Good policy fails in bad machinery. A well-funded program run through the wrong agency, a county that can’t act without a bill in Montgomery, a court system paid for by fees on the people it processes: these are not policy disagreements, they are design problems, and they cost Alabamians money and trust regardless of who is in office. 

Alabama’s government is unusually centralized, unusually old in its structure, and unusually hard to see clearly. PARCA’s role is to map how it works, measure how it performs against peers, and lay out the options for making it work better, without prescribing which one to choose. 

What we are studying:

The Constitution and Home Rule

What local governments can and cannot do without the legislature, and what that costs

County and Municipal Structure

Forms of government, elected offices, consolidation, and regional corporation

Performance and Benchmarking

How Alabama's agencies and local governments compare with peers on cost and results

The Public Workforce

Compensation, recruitment, retention, and the state's personnel system

Budgeting and Management Practice

Budget process, strategic planning, procurement, and how decisions are made

Transparency and Data

What the public can see, what it can't, and how open data changes government behavior

Latest from Government and Operations Management

“Low-hanging fruit” or “blood out of a turnip”? As tax revenue slows, lawmakers in Alabama and across the United States may turn to court costs.

Sluggish tax collections could set the stage nationally for new hikes in court costs, fines, and fees. That’s according to a recent article by The Pew Charitable Trusts, which observes that “many of...

Joint Interim Court Cost Study Commission Recommends Standardization, Transparency, and Reform to “Patchwork” System of Fees

For over a decade, PARCA has documented the role of court costs as they exist at the intersection of public finance and public safety, sometimes providing the only analysis of this important source of...

SNAP Error is Not SNAP Fraud

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamp Program, helps people with low incomes buy food. In FY2025, approximately 740,300 Alabamians, or about 14.3% of...

Special Congressional Primary Continues Trend of Declining Political Participation in Alabama

Use the tabs to move between different views of the data and use the menus to focus in on the systems, schools, or subjects that you are most interested in. Only 5% of registered voters in the Alabama...

Local Court Fee Increases Associated with Increased Jail Detention, New Research Finds

New research led by the Public Affairs Research Council of Alabama (PARCA) and MDRC indicates that each additional $100 in cumulative court fees for criminal cases is associated with an additional 34...

Primary Election: Proposed Statewide Amendments Analysis

Beyond the Democratic and Republican primary elections scheduled for May 19, voters will decide the fate of two statewide amendments to the Alabama Constitution. One would prevent local district...