How Alabama's Governments Actually Work, and How Well

Independent research on the structure, performance, and accountability of state and local government, from the constitution down to the county courthouse.

Why it matters:

Good policy fails in bad machinery. A well-funded program run through the wrong agency, a county that can’t act without a bill in Montgomery, a court system paid for by fees on the people it processes: these are not policy disagreements; they are design problems, and they cost Alabamians money and trust regardless of who is in office. 

Alabama’s government is unusually centralized, unusually old in its structure, and unusually hard to see clearly. PARCA’s role is to map how it works, measure how it performs against peers, and lay out the options for making it work better, without prescribing which one to choose. 

What we're studying:

The Constitution and Home Rule

What local governments can and cannot do without the legislature, and what that costs

County and Municipal Structure

Forms of government, elected offices, consolidation, and regional cooperation

Performance and Benchmarking

How Alabama's agencies and local governments compare with peers on cost and results

The Public Workforce

Compensation, recruitment, retention, and the state's personnel system

Budgeting and Management Practice

Budget process, strategic planning, procurement, and how decisions are made

Transparency and Data

What the public can see, what it can't, and how open data changes government behavior

Latest from Government and Operations Management

On the Ballot: PARCA’s Guide to Alabama’s 2026 Statewide Amendments 

Listen to this article:0:000:00Your browser does not support the audio element.36 more amendments on the Nov. 3 ballot  When Alabamians vote on Nov. 3, they will not only choose candidates for state...

What’s on Your County’s Ballot: Alabama’s 2026 Local Amendments

During the Nov. 3 general election, voters across Alabama will vote on four statewide constitutional amendments. But voters in certain counties will also be deciding on amendments that apply only to...

Issues and Agencies: The Alabama Department of Corrections

Since 2021, Alabama has spent about $1.25 billion building a flagship mega-prison — the Governor Kay Ivey Correctional Complex, located in Elmore County — and lawmakers have authorized another $885...

“Low-hanging fruit” or “blood out of a turnip”? As tax revenue slows, lawmakers in Alabama and across the United States may turn to court costs.

Sluggish tax collections could set the stage nationally for new hikes in court costs, fines, and fees. That’s according to a recent article by The Pew Charitable Trusts, which observes that “many of...

Joint Interim Court Cost Study Commission Recommends Standardization, Transparency, and Reform to “Patchwork” System of Fees

For over a decade, PARCA has documented the role of court costs as they exist at the intersection of public finance and public safety, sometimes providing the only analysis of this important source of...

SNAP Error is Not SNAP Fraud

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamp Program, helps people with low incomes buy food. In FY2025, approximately 740,300 Alabamians, or about 14.3% of...