How Alabama's Justice System Actually Works, and What It Costs

Independent research on the funding, governance, and staffing of Alabama’s courts, jails, prisons, and supervision, from the statehouse down to the county jail.

Why it Matters

Public safety is among the most basic responsibilities of state and local government, and one of the most expensive. Alabama’s courts, jails, prisons, and supervision systems touch nearly every county budget and thousands of families each year. It is also a policy area where decisions are often made with incomplete data, spread across agencies that don’t always measure things the same way.

PARCA brings its independent, data-driven approach to the questions Alabama faces now: how the justice system is funded, governed, and staffed, and what results it produces. We don’t take a side in those debates. We make sure they start from the same facts.

PARCA also serves as the local partner of the Aspen Institute’s work with the Birmingham-Jefferson County Justice Governance Partnership.

What We're Studying:

Funding and Costs

Who pays for courts, jails, prisons, and supervision, and how those costs land on county budgets

Governance and Responsibility

How authority is divided among state agencies, counties, and courts, and who answers for results

The Justice Workforce

Pay, recruitment, retention, and staffing levels across corrections, courts, and supervision

Outcomes and Results

What the system actually produces, and how those results compare across counties and against peers

Data and Measurement

Where agencies count things differently, and what that means for decisions

Local Justice Governance

How counties and agencies coordinate across the justice system, including lessons from the Birmingham-Jefferson County partnership

Latest from Justice and Public Safety

“Low-hanging fruit” or “blood out of a turnip”? As tax revenue slows, lawmakers in Alabama and across the United States may turn to court costs.

Sluggish tax collections could set the stage nationally for new hikes in court costs, fines, and fees. That’s according to a recent article by The Pew Charitable Trusts, which observes that “many of...

Joint Interim Court Cost Study Commission Recommends Standardization, Transparency, and Reform to “Patchwork” System of Fees

For over a decade, PARCA has documented the role of court costs as they exist at the intersection of public finance and public safety, sometimes providing the only analysis of this important source of...

Local Court Fee Increases Associated with Increased Jail Detention, New Research Finds

New research led by the Public Affairs Research Council of Alabama (PARCA) and MDRC indicates that each additional $100 in cumulative court fees for criminal cases is associated with an additional 34...

Lower Fines and Fees Raise MORE Revenue than Higher Fines and Fees, Study Finds

New research indicates that lower fines and fees raise more revenue than higher ones, and that a “collections fee” that is supposed to incentivize payment is instead associated with greater debt. The...

Jefferson County Sees Lower Homicides and Drug Overdose Deaths So Far in 2025

Halfway through 2025, Birmingham’s homicide total is half what it was midyear 2024, a dramatic turnaround after a year of record-setting violence.    According to data from the Jefferson...

Data-informed Decision Making Helps Drive Down Overdose Deaths in 2024

The sharp drop in overdose deaths in 2024, both nationally and in Jefferson County, wasn’t an accident, according to members of the task force that works to combat the epidemic of drug-related...